Paul the Apostle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search “Saint Paul” redirects here. For other uses, see Saint Paul (disambiguation).
| Saint Paul | |
|---|---|
| Apostle of the Gentiles | |
| Saint Paul by Bartolomeo Montagna | |
| Native name | שאול התרסי (Sha’ul ha-Tarsi, Saul of Tarsus) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. AD 5[1] Tarsus, Cilicia, Roman Empire[2] |
| Died | AD c. 64 or c. 67 (aged 61–62 or 64-65)[3][4] probably in Rome, Roman Empire[4][3] |
| Sainthood | |
| Feast day | January 25 (Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul) February 10 (Feast of Saint Paul’s Shipwreck in Malta) June 29 (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul), Epip 5 (Coptic Orthodox)[5] June 30 (former solo feast day, still celebrated by some religious orders) November 18 (Feast of the dedication of the basilicas of Saints Peter and Paul) |
| Canonized | by Pre-Congregation |
| Attributes | Christian Martyrdom, Sword |
| Patronage | Missions; Theologians; Evangelists and Gentile Christians |
| Part of a series on |
| Christianity |
|---|
| JesusChrist[show] |
| BibleFoundations[show] |
| Theology[show] |
| HistoryTradition[show] |
| Related topics[show] |
| DenominationsGroups[show] |
| Christianity portal |
| vte |
Paul the Apostle (Latin: Paulus; Greek: Παῦλος, translit. Paulos; Coptic: ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ; c. 5 – c. 64 or 67),[3] commonly known as Saint Paul and also known by his Jewish name Saul of Tarsus (Hebrew: שאול התרסי, translit. Sha’ūl ha-Tarsī; Greek: Σαῦλος Ταρσεύς, translit. Saũlos Tarseús),[6][7] was an apostle (though not one of the Twelve Apostles) who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world.[8]
Paul is generally considered one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age[9][10] and in the mid-30s to the mid-50s AD he founded several churches in Asia Minor and Europe. He took advantage of his status as both a Jew and a Roman citizen to minister to both Jewish and Roman audiences.
According to writings in the New Testament and prior to his conversion, Paul was dedicated to persecuting the early disciples of Jesus in the area of Jerusalem.[11] In the narrative of the Acts of the Apostles (often referred to simply as Acts), Paul was traveling on the road from Jerusalem to Damascus on a mission to “arrest them and bring them back to Jerusalem” when the resurrected Jesus appeared to him in a great light. He was struck blind, but after three days his sight was restored by Ananias of Damascus and Paul began to preach that Jesus of Nazareth is the Jewish Messiah and the Son of God.[12] Approximately half of the book of Acts deals with Paul’s life and works.
Thirteen of the twenty-seven books in the New Testament have traditionally been attributed to Paul.[13] Seven of the epistles are undisputed by scholars as being authentic, with varying degrees of argument about the remainder. Pauline authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews is not asserted in the Epistle itself and was already doubted in the 2nd and 3rd centuries.[14] It was almost unquestioningly accepted from the 5th to the 16th centuries that Paul was the author of Hebrews,[15] but that view is now almost universally rejected by scholars.[16] The other six are believed by some scholars to have come from followers writing in his name, using material from Paul’s surviving letters and letters written by him that no longer survive.[8][9][17] Other scholars argue that the idea of a pseudonymous author for the disputed epistles raises many problems.[18]
Today, Paul’s epistles continue to be vital roots of the theology, worship and pastoral life in the Catholic and Protestant traditions of the West, as well as the Orthodox traditions of the East.[19] Paul’s influence on Christian thought and practice has been characterized as being as “profound as it is pervasive”, among that of many other apostles and missionaries involved in the spread of the Christian faith.[8] Augustine of Hippo developed Paul’s idea that salvation is based on faith and not “works of the law“.[citation needed] Martin Luther‘s interpretation of Paul’s writings influenced Luther’s doctrine of sola fide.